Tape Adhesives: Incorporate a double sided tape (sticky on both sides).
Glue Adhesives: Work on the same principle of a Tape Adhesive however they are applied then left until they are tacky. The glue has to be set before it can be applied.
The Material You Are Working With
Almost all materials have a appropriate adhesive, different adhesives have different strengths and setting times. Research adhesives for the material you will be working with.
The Drying Speed
Dependant on what you are using the adhesive for, drying speed could play a large part in your plans, dependant on how flexible you can be on the drying speed, research which adhesives would be better for you.
Waterproofing and Heat Resistance
Several adhesives are water resistant, but some cannot cope in wet conditions. The same applies for heat resistance. Research the adhesives you have already considered and deduct any that cannot meet your requirements from your plans.
Cleaning Ability
Some adhesives can be cleaned up within seconds, however some can cause problems if they are spilled. Dependant on the adhesive, you could require a solvent such as acelone to clean a mess.